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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
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The grasping side of post-error slowing.

Francesco Ceccarini1, Umberto Castiello1

  • 1Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Italy.

Cognition
|June 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Following errors, people adjust their actions. This study shows post-error slowing (PES) strategically impacts grasping but not reaching, suggesting flexible error correction in movements.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Post-error slowing (PES) is a common finding in reaction time tasks, traditionally attributed to increased response caution.
  • Alternative theories suggest PES may result from performance decrements due to error processing or limitations in task ecological validity.
  • The impact of PES on complex, goal-directed movements remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate error-reactivity in goal-directed actions, specifically the reach-to-grasp movement.
  • To determine if post-error slowing (PES) affects realistic and complex movements.
  • To examine the underlying reorganization of movements after an error using kinematic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Analyzed reaction times (RTs) and kinematic data for reach-to-grasp movements following errors.
Keywords:
Error processingKinematicsPost error slowingReach-to-graspReaching

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  • Experiment 2: Conducted an 'only reaching' experiment to isolate the reaching component's response to errors.
  • Utilized kinematic analysis to explore movement reorganization post-error.

    • Main Results:

    • Error reactivity strategically influenced the grasping component of the reach-to-grasp action.
    • The reaching component of the movement was found to be resistant to post-error slowing (PES).
    • This resistance of the reaching component was confirmed in the second experiment.

    Conclusions:

    • Error reactivity is a flexible process that selectively impacts different motor components of an action.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that the effects of error reactivity depend on the specific motor components involved.
    • This research advances understanding of error processing in complex, ecologically valid movements.