Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...

Protein-protein Interfaces

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...

Protein and Protein Structure

Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...

What are Proteins?

What are Proteins?

Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rapidly progressive dementia with parkinsonism in the Italian CJD Registry: underlying pathology and clinical-biomarker clues for differential diagnosis.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same author

The inhibitors of 17β-HSD10: are they any good?

RSC chemical biology·2026

Same author

The role of the caudate nucleus in taste function: a comprehensive narrative review.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026

Same author

Distinct neuronal alterations distinguish two subtypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with shared dysfunctional pathways.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026

Same author

Composite grey matter fingerprints for genetic frontotemporal dementia.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026

Same author

Reviewer Comment on Slota et al. "Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Canada: An Update on Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing from 2016-2024".

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Published on: November 7, 2012

Prion protein amplification techniques.

Alison J E Green¹, Gianluigi Zanusso²

¹National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|June 12, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Protein amplification assays like PMCA and RT-QuIC detect prion diseases by amplifying misfolded prion protein (PrP^TSE). RT-QuIC is highly effective for diagnosing sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) via cerebrospinal fluid.

Keywords:

PrP(TSE)cerebrospinal fluid genetic CJD human prion diseases iatrogenic olfactory mucosa prion protein protein misfolding cyclic amplification real-time quaking-induced conversion sporadic CJD variant CJD

More Related Videos

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry

Published on: May 5, 2023

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

Published on: September 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Published on: November 7, 2012

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Abnormal Prion Protein by Immunohistochemistry

Published on: May 5, 2023

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

Published on: September 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Prion diseases are characterized by misfolded prion protein (PrP^TSE) that induces conformational changes in normal prion protein (PrP).
Detecting small amounts of PrP^TSE in biological samples is challenging but crucial for diagnosing prion diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application and diagnostic utility of protein amplification techniques, specifically Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) and Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC).
To highlight the effectiveness of these assays in detecting and differentiating prion diseases, including sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD and vCJD).

Main Methods:

Utilizing protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays.
Applying these assays to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biological samples for the presence of PrP^TSE.

Main Results:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) RT-QuIC demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), leading to its inclusion in diagnostic criteria.
RT-QuIC is also valuable for diagnosing genetic prion diseases when other CSF tests are negative.
PMCA shows promise for diagnosing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and distinguishing it from sCJD, which is critical given potential new vCJD cases.

Conclusions:

Protein amplification assays (PMCA and RT-QuIC) are powerful tools for detecting and diagnosing prion diseases.
CSF RT-QuIC is a key diagnostic method for sCJD.
PMCA may become essential for identifying vCJD and differentiating it from sCJD in the future.