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Ethanol-induced formation of solid calcium phosphates.

M J Larsen, A Thorsen, S J Jensen

    Calcified Tissue International
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ethanol used in transmission electron microscopy sample preparation can alter calcium phosphate solubility, potentially forming artifacts like apatite or brushite. This study investigated calcium phosphate behavior in ethanol-water mixtures.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Biomineralization
    • Microscopy Techniques

    Background:

    • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires tissue dehydration, often using ethanol.
    • Ethanol may affect the solubility and structure of calcium phosphates.
    • Calcium phosphates are crucial biominerals with implications in various biological and material contexts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of ethanol on the solubility and precipitation of calcium phosphates.
    • To identify potential calcium phosphate artifacts formed during ethanol-based dehydration processes for TEM.

    Main Methods:

    • Stable neutral aqueous solutions of calcium and phosphate ions were prepared.
    • These solutions were mixed with ethanol in varying ratios at 20°C.

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  • Precipitates formed after 24 hours were analyzed using X-ray diffraction.

    • Main Results:

    • The precipitates identified were apatite, brushite, or amorphous calcium phosphate, depending on the ethanol concentration.
    • Ethanol significantly influences the phase and form of calcium phosphate precipitation.
    • Specific ratios of ethanol and water led to distinct crystalline or amorphous calcium phosphate structures.

    Conclusions:

    • Ethanol-induced precipitation of calcium phosphates can lead to artifact formation in TEM sample preparation.
    • Understanding these interactions is critical for accurate interpretation of calcium phosphate distribution in biological tissues.
    • The findings highlight the need for careful consideration of dehydration protocols in microscopy studies involving calcium phosphates.