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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.0K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.3K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.2K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

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Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...
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Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
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Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters from Air Samples Using a Solid-Phase Extraction-type Collection

Ikuo Ueta1, Risa Takenaka1, Koji Fujimura2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi.

Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
|June 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel device effectively quantifies phthalate esters in air. This reusable adsorbent system offers high recovery and low detection limits for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
Phthalate estergas chromatography–mass spectrometrysample preparationsemi-volatile organic compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Phthalate esters are common indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
  • Accurate quantification of phthalate esters is crucial for exposure assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel solid-phase extraction device for phthalate ester determination in air.
  • To assess the performance of the device for various volatile phthalate esters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a styrene-divinylbenzene polymer adsorbent (Sunpak-H) in a solid-phase extraction device.
  • Evaluated collection and elution recoveries for eight phthalate esters.
  • Analyzed samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solvent elution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high collection and elution recoveries for eight phthalate esters up to 10000 L sampling volume.
  • Demonstrated no breakthrough or moisture trapping during sampling at 35°C.
  • Established a limit of quantification below 1 ng L⁻¹ with solvent concentration.
  • The device showed excellent reusability (>50 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The developed device provides a sensitive and efficient method for phthalate ester quantification in air samples.
  • The reusable adsorbent system is suitable for real-world applications, including indoor and in-car air monitoring.