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Persistence in Phytopathogenic Bacteria: Do We Know Enough?

Paula M M Martins1, Marcus V Merfa2, Marco A Takita1

  • 1Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeiropolis, Brazil.

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Persister cells are dormant bacteria that survive agricultural stresses and antimicrobial treatments. Understanding their survival and genetic regulation is key to controlling plant diseases and ensuring food security.

Keywords:
VBNCcrop diseasesoxidative stresspersistersphytopathogentoxin-antitoxin systems

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural microbiology
  • Plant pathology
  • Bacterial stress response

Background:

  • Phytopathogenic bacteria cause significant global economic and environmental losses in agriculture.
  • Bacterial persister cells are a subpopulation exhibiting multidrug tolerance without genetic mutation, crucial for survival under stress.
  • Persister cells are implicated in the persistence and recurrence of plant diseases, yet their regulation in phytopathogens is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on persister cells in bacterial phytopathogens.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of persister cell survival, dormancy recovery, and virulence maintenance.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding persister cell regulation for developing novel disease control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on persister cell formation and regulation in phytopathogens.
  • Analysis of studies on bacterial survival strategies under environmental and antimicrobial stress.
  • Synthesis of information regarding the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of persister cells.

Main Results:

  • Persister cells contribute to phytopathogen survival by entering a dormant state, evading antimicrobial effects.
  • These cells can recover from dormancy post-stress, leading to disease recurrence and host recolonization.
  • Limited research exists on the specific genetic regulation of persister cells in plant pathogens compared to human pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Persister cells represent a critical factor in the resilience of phytopathogenic bacteria.
  • Further research into the genetic regulation of persister cells is essential for effective agricultural disease management.
  • Understanding persister cells offers potential for innovative strategies to combat crop diseases and enhance food production.