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Chronotype and Psychiatric Disorders.

Liia Kivelä1, Marinos Rodolfos Papadopoulos1, Niki Antypa1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.

Current Sleep Medicine Reports
|June 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Evening chronotype is linked to depression and substance dependence, but not anxiety or psychosis. Poor sleep and lifestyle habits associated with eveningness may increase psychiatric disorder risk.

Keywords:
Anxiety disorderBipolar disorderChronotypeDelayed sleep phase syndromeDepressionEating disorderEveningnessSeasonal affective disorderSubstance abuse

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Chronotype, or individual differences in daily activity and sleep-wake cycles, significantly impacts well-being.
  • Evening-type individuals face a higher risk for adverse mental health outcomes.
  • Understanding the chronotype-psychiatric disorder link is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the relationship between chronotype and psychiatric disorders.
  • To explore associations between eveningness and specific mental health conditions.
  • To identify potential mechanisms and lifestyle factors involved.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on chronotype and mental health.
  • Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal study findings.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding specific psychiatric diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • A strong association exists between eveningness and depression, with preliminary longitudinal support.
  • Eveningness is linked to unhealthy lifestyle habits, addiction propensity, and potentially disordered eating.
  • Evidence for a link between eveningness and anxiety disorders or psychosis is currently lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Eveningness is associated with depression (including SAD) and substance dependence.
  • In bipolar disorder, evening chronotype correlates with depression but not mania.
  • Sleep disturbances and poor lifestyle habits in evening types may elevate psychiatric disorder risk.