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Applying adaptation theory to understand experienced incivility processes: Testing the repeated exposure hypothesis
Russell A Matthews1, Kelsey-Jo Ritter1
1Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University.
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
|June 12, 2018
Summary
Working adults adapt to workplace incivility over time, despite its concurrent negative effects on well-being. Past incivility experiences can indirectly impact current strain through repeated exposure, challenging adaptation theory.
Area of Science:
- Organizational Psychology
- Occupational Health Psychology
Background:
- Workplace incivility is a prevalent stressor with known negative outcomes.
- Adaptation theory suggests individuals can adjust to stressors over time.
- Limited research addresses adaptation to recurring stressors like incivility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the longitudinal adaptation to workplace incivility.
- To test the repeated exposure hypothesis for recurring stressors.
- To examine the reciprocal relationship between incivility and well-being.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study with 625 respondents across three waves (1-month lag).
- Repeated measures analysis to assess changes over time.
- Examination of concurrent and lagged effects between incivility and well-being indices.
Main Results:
- Workplace incivility is concurrently linked to role overload, commitment, well-being, burnout, and turnover intentions.
- Individuals demonstrate adaptation to incivility experiences over time.
- Preliminary evidence supports the repeated exposure hypothesis and reverse causation.
Conclusions:
- Employees adapt to workplace incivility, but its impact unfolds dynamically.
- The repeated exposure hypothesis offers a framework for understanding recurring stressors.
- Well-being indices may also influence subsequent experiences of incivility, suggesting a bidirectional relationship.
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