Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

4.4K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
4.4K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

18.9K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
18.9K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

4.0K
4.0K
Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

Inertial Frames of Reference

8.8K
Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
8.8K
Non-inertial Frames of Reference01:27

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

7.2K
A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
7.2K
Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

Comparative Excretory Systems

26.7K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
26.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blindness to minority absence.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Perspectives on Time and Personality: Philip G. Zimbardo (1934-2024) in Memoriam.

Journal of personality·2026
Same author

The temporal dynamics of self-control.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Understanding self-control as a problem of regulatory scope.

Psychological review·2024
Same author

Simplifying social learning.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2024
Same author

Social Concepts Simplify Complex Reinforcement Learning.

Psychological science·2023
Same journal

Executive function and social behavior: Causal evidence from loading working memory and inhibitory control.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects" by Vaughn (2026).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial" by Jacques-Hamilton et al. (2019).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Conveying (discrete) emotionality with novel words.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.6K

Beyond direct reference: Comparing the present to the past promotes abstract processing.

David A Kalkstein1, Alexa D Hubbard2, Yaacov Trope2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|June 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People process information more abstractly when comparing a current object to a past memory than when comparing two objects present at the same time. This impacts comparison and memory-based reasoning.

More Related Videos

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.8K
Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.6K
Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

9.8K
Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Perception
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Humans make sense of experiences by comparing objects in their environment and with past encounters.
  • Comparisons involve either simultaneously present stimuli or mental representations of absent stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the comparison process differs based on stimulus presence (simultaneous vs. absent).
  • To determine if abstract processing varies between comparing present stimuli versus a present stimulus to a stored memory.

Main Methods:

  • Two experimental studies were conducted.
  • Participants engaged in comparison tasks involving simultaneously present stimuli and stimuli compared against stored representations.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibited more abstract processing when comparing a present stimulus to a previously encountered (absent) source.
  • Comparison of two simultaneously present stimuli resulted in less abstract processing.

Conclusions:

  • The context of comparison (simultaneous presence vs. memory retrieval) influences the level of cognitive abstraction.
  • Findings suggest distinct mechanisms for comparison depending on whether stimuli are currently perceived or recalled from memory, impacting reasoning.