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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Marcia's Theory of Identity Status01:26

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James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
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Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Cancer-cell Proteomes Derived From Liquid and Solid Tumors
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Proteomics biomarkers for solid tumors: Current status and future prospects.

Iwona Belczacka1,2, Agnieszka Latosinska1, Jochen Metzger1

  • 1Mosaiques-Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|June 12, 2018
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Proteomics offers advanced tools for cancer biomarker discovery, aiding in early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for solid tumors. This approach enhances our understanding of cancer progression and improves patient outcomes.

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cancerclinical proteomicsdiagnosisprotein biomarkerssolid tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Proteomics
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of death, with increasing prevalence despite diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
  • Previous research focused on genomics and transcriptomics, but protein metabolism and function are direct indicators of cancer phenotype and drug targets.
  • Understanding protein-level changes is crucial for characterizing tumor progression and invasiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in proteomic biomarker research for solid tumors.
  • To highlight the potential of proteomic technologies in identifying diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers.
  • To discuss the clinical utility of these biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of innovative high-throughput proteomic technologies.
  • Analysis of proteomic data for the identification of cancer biomarkers.
  • Focus on biomarkers for solid tumors, including their molecular connections.

Main Results:

  • High-throughput proteomic technologies enable accurate evaluation of cancer formation and progression.
  • Detection of novel cancer biomarkers is possible, contributing to improved diagnosis and treatment guidance.
  • Proteomic biomarkers show potential for clinical application in solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomic biomarker research is advancing rapidly, offering new tools for cancer management.
  • These biomarkers can significantly aid in the early diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
  • Further investigation into molecular connections will enhance the clinical utility of proteomic biomarkers.