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Elucidating biogeographical patterns in Australian native canids using genome wide SNPs
Kylie M Cairns1, Laura M Shannon2, Janice Koler-Matznick3
1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Plos One
|June 12, 2018
Summary
Dingoes, Australia's apex predators, are genetically distinct in three populations: southeastern, Fraser Island, and northwestern. Conservation must address hybridization and manage these unique dingo populations separately for their survival.
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Conservation Genetics
- Zoology
Background:
- Dingoes are apex predators crucial to Australia's ecosystem.
- Dingo populations face threats from hybridization and control programs.
- Limited knowledge of dingo biogeography hinders effective conservation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate dingo biogeography using genome-wide data.
- To identify distinct dingo populations and their genetic structure.
- To inform conservation strategies for dingoes.
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of 23 dingoes and 5 New Guinea Singing Dogs using Illumina HD canine chip.
- Analysis of whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data.
- Application of D statistics to assess admixture and ancestry.
Main Results:
- Identification of three distinct dingo evolutionary significant units (ESUs): southeastern, Fraser Island, and northwestern.
- Fraser Island dingoes represent a pure, genetically distinct reservoir.
- Evidence of historical admixture between southeastern dingoes and South East Asian village dogs.
- Elevated inbreeding coefficients in Fraser Island dingoes suggest a need for genetic rescue.
Conclusions:
- Dingo populations exhibit significant geographical subdivision and should be managed discretely.
- Conservation efforts should prioritize the southeastern dingo population due to hybridization and control pressures.
- Urgent need for further data on genetic health, demographics, and hybridization in southeastern and Fraser Island dingo populations to guide evidence-based management.
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