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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Infectious Disease Prevalence and Factors Associated with Upper Respiratory Infection in Cats Following Relocation.

Mehnaz Aziz1, Stephanie Janeczko2, Maya Gupta3

  • 1Shelter Outreach, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA®), New York, NY 10018, USA. chumkee.aziz@aspca.org.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
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PubMed
Summary

Feline relocation programs can help reduce euthanasia rates. While serious diseases like FPV are uncommon, upper respiratory infections (URI) are prevalent in relocated cats and require proactive management.

Keywords:
animal relocationanimal shelteranimal welfarecatdermatophytosisfeline panleukopenia virusfeline upper respiratory infectioninfectious diseasetransfertransport

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Feline relocation is a growing animal welfare strategy to reduce shelter euthanasia.
  • Concerns exist regarding infectious disease transmission during feline relocation.
  • Limited research addresses baseline infectious disease prevalence post-relocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of key infectious diseases in relocated cats.
  • To identify factors associated with upper respiratory infection (URI) in relocated felines.
  • To inform animal welfare agencies on managing infectious disease risks in relocation programs.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from 430 cats over 7 months at a destination agency.
  • Prevalence of URI, feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and dermatophytosis assessed.
  • Mixed-effects logistic regression used to analyze URI risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Period prevalence: 25.8% for URI, 1.6% for FPV, 0.9% for dermatophytosis.
  • Younger age, longer transport time, and extended stay increased URI risk.
  • Highly contagious diseases (FPV, dermatophytosis) were uncommon post-relocation.

Conclusions:

  • Established feline relocation programs show low prevalence of FPV and dermatophytosis.
  • URI is a significant concern in relocated cats and necessitates proactive management strategies.
  • Findings support informed shelter and relocation operations to mitigate URI impact.