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Comparing Item Performance on Three- Versus Four-Option Multiple Choice Questions in a Veterinary Toxicology Course.

Kenneth Royal1, David Dorman2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. kdroyal2@ncsu.edu.

Veterinary Sciences
|June 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with three options perform similarly to those with four options. This study found no significant difference in item performance for veterinary toxicology exams.

Keywords:
assessmentitem writingmeasurementmedical educationmultiple-choice questionspsychologytestingtoxicologyveterinary educationveterinary medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Education
  • Medical Education Assessment
  • Toxicology Curriculum

Background:

  • The number of answer options in multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is a key factor in question design.
  • Existing literature suggests limited benefit in using more than three options for MCQs.
  • Many assessments utilize four or more options despite this evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the item performance of 3-option versus 4-option MCQs.
  • To assess the impact of option number on MCQ psychometric properties in veterinary toxicology education.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental, crossover design was employed.
  • Students were randomly assigned to receive one of two versions (A or B) of two major exams.
  • Exams were administered within a core curriculum course at a US veterinary medical school.

Main Results:

  • Both 3-option and 4-option MCQs demonstrated comparable psychometric properties.
  • No significant differences in item performance were observed between the two formats.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support previous research indicating no significant change in psychometric properties when using three-option MCQs compared to those with four or more options.
  • The study validates the use of three-option MCQs in veterinary medical education assessments.