Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Functionally distinct ALK and ROS1 fusions detected in infant-type hemispheric gliomas converge on STAT3 and SHP2 activation.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Disseminated pediatric low-grade glioma and hydrocephalus: a multinational consortium analysis of incidence and mortality.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics·2026

Same author

A systematic study of molecular diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in infant-type hemispheric glioma: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 164 patients.

Neuro-oncology·2025

Same author

Integrated clinical and molecular landscape of disseminated pediatric low-grade glioma.

Neuro-oncology·2025

Same author

TGF-β Determines the Pro-migratory Potential of bFGF Signaling in Medulloblastoma.

Cell reports·2025

Same author

Author Correction: Computer-assisted quantification of motile and invasive capabilities of cancer cells.

Scientific reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Published on: November 1, 2007

Cerebellar tumors.

Ana S Guerreiro Stucklin¹, Michael A Grotzer²

¹Division of Haematology and Oncology; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre; and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|June 13, 2018

Summary

Central nervous system tumors in the cerebellum are common in children but rare in adults. Treatment varies from surgical resection for low-grade gliomas to intensive therapy for aggressive embryonal tumors like medulloblastomas.

Keywords:

AT-RT ependymoma high-grade glioma low-grade glioma medulloblastoma

More Related Videos

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

Laser Nanosurgery of Cerebellar Axons In Vivo

Laser Nanosurgery of Cerebellar Axons In Vivo

Published on: July 28, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Published on: November 1, 2007

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Cerebellar Regional Dissection for Molecular Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2020

Laser Nanosurgery of Cerebellar Axons In Vivo

Laser Nanosurgery of Cerebellar Axons In Vivo

Published on: July 28, 2014

Area of Science:

Pediatric neuro-oncology
Central nervous system (CNS) tumor research

Background:

The cerebellum is a frequent site for pediatric CNS tumors, often presenting with acute symptoms like increased intracranial pressure.
Tumor types range from benign, slow-growing cerebellar low-grade gliomas, curable by resection, to highly aggressive embryonal tumors such as medulloblastomas.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the differential diagnosis and management of cerebellar tumors in children.
To highlight the advancements in understanding tumor development and the shift towards molecularly targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on pediatric cerebellar tumors.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.
Discussion of recent genomewide profiling studies.

Main Results:

Cerebellar low-grade gliomas represent the most common and treatable pediatric tumors in this region.
Embryonal tumors, particularly medulloblastomas, are aggressive and require multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Genomewide studies are improving the understanding of tumor biology.

Conclusions:

Effective management of pediatric cerebellar tumors relies on accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
Advances in neuro-oncology are paving the way for personalized medicine through molecularly informed clinical trials.