[Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Ophthalmology (French version of the article)]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurology
• Oncology

Background:

• Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the visual system are rare but significant indicators of underlying systemic malignancy.
• These autoimmune disorders can manifest with diverse clinical symptoms, potentially preceding cancer diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and present the diagnostic features of various paraneoplastic visual syndromes.
• To elucidate the associated antibodies and histopathology of these autoimmune phenomena.
• To aid clinicians in differentiating these rare conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of paraneoplastic syndromes involving the visual system.
• Compilation of diagnostic criteria, antibody associations, and histopathological findings.
• Categorization of syndromes including retinopathy, uveitis, and neurological manifestations.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of cancer-associated retinopathy, melanoma-associated retinopathy, paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy, and bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation.
• Overview of associated paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes: optic neuropathy, opsoclonus-myoclonus, Lambert-Eaton myasthenia, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
• Emphasis on the autoimmune basis and diagnostic utility of specific antibodies and histopathology.

Conclusions:

• Paraneoplastic visual syndromes, though rare, are critical diagnostic clues for systemic cancers.
• Accurate differentiation based on clinical presentation, antibodies, and histopathology is essential for patient management.
• This review provides a comprehensive guide for identifying and understanding these complex autoimmune-oncologic disorders.