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Co-speciation in bedbug Wolbachia parallel the pattern in nematode hosts.

Ondřej Balvín1, Steffen Roth2, Benoit Talbot3

  • 1Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic. o.balvin@centrum.cz.

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|June 13, 2018
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Wolbachia bacteria exhibit diverse symbiotic roles. In bedbugs (Cimex and Paracimex), Wolbachia provide essential nutrients, showing 100% prevalence and co-speciation, a unique mutualistic relationship in arthropods.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria with varied symbiotic relationships across host taxa.
  • In filarial nematodes, Wolbachia are obligately beneficial, showing host co-phylogeny.
  • In arthropods, Wolbachia are typically parasitic, with variable prevalence and no known co-speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and bedbugs (Cimex and Paracimex).
  • To determine the prevalence and co-speciation patterns of Wolbachia in these arthropod hosts.
  • To confirm the obligate nutritional role of Wolbachia in bedbug species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of presumably functional biotin gene copies to assess Wolbachia's nutritional role.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to compare host and endosymbiont evolutionary histories.
  • Prevalence surveys across multiple species within the Cimex and Paracimex genera.

Main Results:

  • The obligate, nutritional relationship between Wolbachia and bedbugs was confirmed in at least 10 out of 15 species studied.
  • Wolbachia showed 100% prevalence across the examined higher arthropod taxa, a novel finding.
  • Co-cladogenesis between Wolbachia and their bedbug hosts was demonstrated, representing the first instance of Wolbachia co-speciation in arthropods.

Conclusions:

  • Wolbachia can engage in obligate mutualistic relationships with arthropod hosts, exemplified by biotin provision in bedbugs.
  • This study establishes a new paradigm for Wolbachia-arthropod interactions, characterized by high prevalence and co-speciation.
  • The findings highlight the evolutionary flexibility of Wolbachia and their significant impact on host biology.