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Effects of sampling effort on biodiversity patterns estimated from environmental DNA metabarcoding surveys
Erin K Grey1, Louis Bernatchez2, Phillip Cassey3
1Division of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Governors State University, 1 University Parkway, University Park, Illinois, 60484, USA. egrey@govst.edu.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding reveals global biodiversity patterns in ports. Sampling effort and primer choice significantly impact richness estimates and nonindigenous species detection, requiring careful consideration in study design.
Area of Science:
- Marine biology
- Ecology
- Molecular ecology
Background:
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding offers powerful tools for biodiversity assessment.
- Understanding the influence of sampling effort is crucial for accurate eDNA survey interpretation.
- Commercial ports are critical interfaces for the introduction of nonindigenous species (NIS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how sampling effort affects biodiversity patterns and NIS detection using eDNA metabarcoding in commercial ports.
- To compare the performance of 18S and COI primer sets in eDNA surveys.
- To provide recommendations for optimizing eDNA sampling strategies in port environments.
Main Methods:
- Conducted eDNA metabarcoding surveys across four commercial ports.
- Utilized both 18S and COI primer sets for sequence analysis.
- Analyzed community dissimilarity and richness patterns in relation to sampling effort and primer choice.
Main Results:
- Captured sequences from 18 metazoan phyla, with comparable taxonomic coverage between primer sets.
- Community dissimilarity patterns were robust to sampling effort and primer choice.
- Richness estimates were highly sensitive to primer selection and sampling intensity.
- Identified 64 potential NIS, with COI detecting known NIS and 18S highlighting potential unrecorded NIS.
Conclusions:
- eDNA metabarcoding effectively reveals global similarity patterns among ports and detects potential NIS.
- Caution is advised for richness estimates and species assignments due to primer and sampling effort sensitivity.
- Optimized sampling designs are essential for reliable eDNA biodiversity assessments in ports.
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