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Fibrinogen - A Practical and Cost Efficient Biomarker for Detecting Periprosthetic Joint Infection

S M Klim1, F Amerstorfer1, G Gruber2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 5-8036, Graz, Austria.

Scientific Reports
|June 13, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Serum fibrinogen shows promise as a sensitive biomarker for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study compared fibrinogen to C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count, finding fibrinogen to be a cost-effective diagnostic aid.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) accurately and early remains a clinical challenge.
  • Fibrinogen, involved in inflammatory responses to bacterial infections, is a potential biomarker for PJI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum fibrinogen levels for PJI.
  • To compare fibrinogen's sensitivity and specificity against established biomarkers: C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study including 84 patients (124 surgeries).
  • Preoperative serum levels of fibrinogen, CRP, and leukocyte count were analyzed.
  • Sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker for PJI detection were calculated and compared.

Main Results:

  • Fibrinogen, CRP, and leukocyte count all showed statistically significant correlation with PJI presence (p < 0.001).
  • Fibrinogen (cut-off 519 mg/dl) demonstrated 90% sensitivity and 34% specificity.
  • CRP (cut-off 11.00 mg/dl) showed 90% sensitivity and 74% specificity; leukocyte count (cut-off 5.68 G/l) had 90% sensitivity and 39% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Serum fibrinogen is a significant biomarker for detecting bacterial PJI.
  • Fibrinogen offers a cost-effective diagnostic support tool with high sensitivity for PJI detection.

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