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Related Experiment Videos

The relationship between tonic accommodation and ciliary muscle innervation.

B Gilmartin, R E Hogan

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |July 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Individual differences in the resting position of accommodation are primarily due to parasympathetic nervous system activity. Tropicamide significantly shifted accommodation and altered its distribution, unlike Isoprenaline.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Tonic accommodation (TA) shows significant inter-individual variance.
    • Autonomic tone of the ciliary muscle is hypothesized to influence TA.
    • Previous studies utilized Badal laser optometry to assess TA distribution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if individual differences in TA are linked to ciliary muscle autonomic tone.
    • To compare the effects of a muscarinic antagonist and a beta-adrenergic agonist on TA distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten subjects participated in two separate studies.
    • Badal laser optometry and infrared photography measured TA and pupil diameter in darkroom conditions.
    • Pharmacological agents (Tropicamide 0.5% and Isoprenaline 3%) were administered to assess their impact on TA.

    Main Results:

    • Isoprenaline induced a significant 0.47 D hyperopic shift in TA without altering distribution variance.
    • Tropicamide caused a significant 1.24 D hyperopic shift in TA.
    • Tropicamide significantly reduced the standard deviation of TA distribution from 0.87 to 0.17.

    Conclusions:

    • The parasympathetic system significantly influences tonic accommodation position.
    • Individual variations in tonic accommodation are primarily a result of parasympathetic, not sympathetic, ciliary muscle tone.

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