Activation of Sirtuin 1 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Deacetylating p53

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proven to be a key risk factor for cognitive impairment. Previous studies have implicated hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in diabetes-related cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a protein deacetylase depended on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Furthermore, it is indispensable in normal learning and memory. Whether SIRT1 is taken part in diabetes-induced neuronal apoptosis and thus involve in the development of diabetic cognitive impairment is still not clear. To address this issue, we examined the possible role of SIRT1 in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the possible mechanism was investigated in high glucose-induced SH-SY5Y cells. We found that downregulation of the activity and expression of SIRT1 was associated with increased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in mice. In vitro, cell apoptosis induced by high glucose which was accompanied by a downregulation of SIRT1 and an increased acetylation of p53. On the contrary, activation of SIRT1 using its agonist resveratrol ameliorated cell apoptosis via deacetylating p53. Our data suggest that high concentration of glucose can induce neuronal apoptosis through downregulation of SIRT1 and increased acetylation of p53, which likely contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in diabetes.