Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

6.9K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
6.9K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

18.9K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
18.9K
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

9.0K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
9.0K
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

10.3K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
10.3K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

7.5K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
7.5K
Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction01:08

Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction

4.6K
As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of Carbonyl-Containing Disubstituted Bicyclobutanes: A Fortuitous Path to SF<sub>5</sub>-Containing Oxa[2.1.1]bicyclohexanes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Introduction: Fluorine-Specific Interactions.

Chemical reviews·2025
Same author

Lewis Acid-Initiated Cleavage of a Large Ionophore: Molecular Deactivation by Potassium Ion Binding.

ChemMedChem·2025
Same author

Direct <i>N</i>-SF<sub>5</sub> and <i>N</i>-SF<sub>4</sub>CF<sub>3</sub> Bond Formation through Strain-Release Functionalization of 3-Substituted [1.1.0]Azabicyclobutanes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Selective Fluorination of Complex Molecules: Late-Stage Functionalization.

Chemical reviews·2025
Same author

The Fluorinative Skeletal Rearrangement of Lumisantonin: An Unanticipated Dual Role of Selectfluor.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
10:58

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

Published on: December 23, 2017

13.1K

Catalyzed and Promoted Aliphatic Fluorination.

Desta Doro Bume, Stefan Andrew Harry, Thomas Lectka

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|June 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed user-friendly radical fluorination methods for directly functionalizing C-H bonds. This work advances fluorine chemistry by enabling selective fluorine installation on biologically relevant molecules.

More Related Videos

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.5K
Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
10:58

Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

Published on: December 23, 2017

13.1K
Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.5K
Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
08:42

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Fluorine Chemistry

Background:

  • Direct functionalization of aliphatic C-H bonds is a significant challenge in organic synthesis.
  • Radical-based fluorination offers a promising approach but historically faced issues with reactivity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an account of laboratory research on radical fluorination of C-H bonds.
  • To highlight advancements in controlling reactivity and selectivity in radical fluorination.
  • To showcase directed fluorination methods for installing fluorine on biologically relevant molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Development of user-friendly, radical-based fluorination reactions.
  • Exploration of direct monofluorination on unactivated C-H bonds.
  • Application of directed fluorination strategies.
  • Conducting mechanistic studies to guide reaction design.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of radical monofluorination on unactivated C-H bonds starting in 2012.
  • Significant progress in controlling reactivity and selectivity in radical fluorination.
  • Development of useful strategies for installing fluorine on biologically relevant molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Radical-based fluorination of C-H bonds has emerged as a powerful tool in fluorine chemistry.
  • Directed fluorination methods offer practical routes to fluorinated biologically relevant molecules.
  • Mechanistic insights are crucial for advancing the design of fluorination reactions.