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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography
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Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography

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Protein crystallization in living cells.

Robert Schönherr1,2, Janine Mia Rudolph1,3, Lars Redecke1,2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.

Biological Chemistry
|June 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Intracellular protein crystallization, both native and recombinant, is a powerful technique for structural biology. Advances in X-ray sources and data collection enable new possibilities for difficult-to-crystallize proteins.

Keywords:
X-ray free-electron laserin cellulo crystallizationin vivo crystalsmicro-crystallographyprotein crystallographyserial crystallography

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Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction
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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Protein crystallization in living cells (in cellulo) occurs natively and is increasingly feasible for recombinant proteins.
  • Previously, limitations in technology hindered the use of these micrometer-sized crystals for structural studies.
  • In cellulo crystallization offers a novel approach for proteins resistant to conventional crystallization methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review native and recombinant in cellulo protein crystallization.
  • To discuss cellular functions, properties, and regulation of native crystals.
  • To explore advancements in X-ray diffraction data collection from in cellulo crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on native and recombinant in cellulo protein crystallization.
  • Analysis of cellular functions, physical properties, and regulation of native crystals.
  • Discussion of technological developments for X-ray diffraction data collection.

Main Results:

  • In cellulo crystallization is a viable strategy for structural biology, especially for challenging proteins.
  • Native in cellulo crystals are linked to specific cellular functions and exhibit distinct regulatory mechanisms.
  • Technological progress now allows successful X-ray diffraction data collection from in cellulo crystals.

Conclusions:

  • In cellulo protein crystallization presents significant opportunities for structural biology.
  • Understanding regulatory differences between native and accidental in cellulo crystals is crucial.
  • Exploiting cells as crystallization chambers holds future potential for protein structure determination.