Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 9, 2026
05:39
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Published on: February 3, 2023
2.3K
MiRNA-221/222 in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis
Ling Liang1, Xucai Zheng2, Mingjun Hu1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
Summary
Differences in microRNA-221/222 (miRNA-221/222) expression levels are significant in thyroid cancer diagnosis. These miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for improving thyroid cancer diagnostic accuracy.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Thyroid cancer diagnosis relies on accurate differentiation from benign thyroid lesions (BTLs).
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as potential biomarkers in various cancers.
- Specific miRNAs, such as miRNA-221 and miRNA-222, have been implicated in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if differential expression of miRNA-221/222 exists between thyroid cancer and normal thyroid or BTLs.
- To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of miRNA-221/222 for thyroid cancer.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis was conducted using systematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science.
- Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated.
- Combined fold change (FC) was determined for miRNA-221/222 expression.
Main Results:
- Twenty-seven articles were included in the meta-analysis.
- Combined FC for miRNA-221/222 in thyroid cancer versus normal control was high (13.85 and 13.75).
- Pooled sensitivity and specificity for miRNA-221/222 were 0.79 and 0.84, respectively, with an AUC of 0.88. miRNA-221 showed sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.84; miRNA-222 showed sensitivity of 0.78 and specificity of 0.83.
Conclusions:
- Differential expression of miRNA-221/222 provides insights into thyroid cancer etiology.
- miRNA-221/222 are promising molecular biomarkers for enhancing thyroid cancer diagnostic accuracy.
Related Concept Videos
01:23The Thyroid Gland
7.7K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.7K
01:09Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups
6.0K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
6.0K
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
774
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
774
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
5.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.7K
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
7.9K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.9K
01:13meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
6.7K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.7K