Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

51.9K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
51.9K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

59.2K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
59.2K
The Dot Product01:26

The Dot Product

265
Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
265
Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

992
The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
992
Dot Product: Problem Solving01:21

Dot Product: Problem Solving

721
The dot product is a powerful tool in problem-solving involving vectors, given that the dot product of two vectors is the product of their magnitudes and the cosine of the angle between them measured anti-clockwise. Solving problems involving the dot product requires understanding its properties and developing a step-by-step process to solve them. Here are the main steps to follow when solving any general problem involving the dot product:
Identify the problem: Start by reading the problem and...
721
Scalar Product (Dot Product)01:11

Scalar Product (Dot Product)

27.8K
The scalar multiplication of two vectors is known as the scalar or dot product. As the name indicates, the scalar product of two vectors results in a number, that is, a scalar quantity. Scalar products are used to define work and energy relations. For example, the work that a force (a vector) performs on an object while causing its displacement (a vector) is defined as a scalar product of the force vector with the displacement vector.
The scalar product of two vectors is obtained by multiplying...
27.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A bisulfite-free sequence-independent biosensor for genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine detection via triple-cascade signal amplification.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same author

Serum Human epididymal protein 4 as a predictor of adverse events in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving antiplatelet therapy.

BMC cardiovascular disorders·2026
Same author

Label-Free and Homogeneous Sensing Platform with Template-Independent Cascade Amplification Strategy for Genome-Wide 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Analysis.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Association between inflammatory biomarkers and cataracts: validation from the NHANES database and clinical studies.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

The integration of peptoid and phosphorothioate aptamer into electrochemical biosensors for the robust antifouling detection of prostate-specific antigen in human serum.

Analytica chimica acta·2026
Same author

A Robust Biosensor Based on the Pd-S Bond-Immobilized Peptide toward Antifouling Electrochemical Detection of an Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker in Serum.

ACS sensors·2026
Same journal

Visual detection of uric acid and antibacterial applications in gout wound healing based on His@Fe-SHMP nanozyme.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Multiplexed miRNA imaging using spherical nucleic acids and catalytic hairpin assembly for screening the differential immunotoxicity of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated derivatives in RAW264.7 cells.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Circular RNA targeted theranostic nanoplatform for liver cancer-related gene detection and metastasis regulation in zebrafish using optical sensing and imaging.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Robust and reusable iridium oxide-modified FTO electrodes for long-term organ-on-a-chip monitoring.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Propylene carbonate-PVDF-HFP/MXene-based self-powered biosensor for auxiliary detection of salivary exosomal miRNA-155 in pediatric asthma.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Nanostructured zinc-coordination supraparticles on cellulose fibers: A 3D-Printed μ-FAD integrated smartphone platform for multiplexed salivary metabolic monitoring.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
17:14

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

18.7K

CdZnTeS quantum dots based electrochemiluminescent image immunoanalysis.

Xiu-Li Liang1, Ning Bao2, Xiliang Luo3

  • 1Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|June 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed novel cadmium zinc telluride sulfide (CdZnTeS) quantum dots (QDs) for highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. These QDs enable rapid and accurate detection of cancer biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in serum samples.

Keywords:
Alpha-fetoproteinCancer antigen 125CdZnTeS QDsElectrochemiluminescent image analysisImmunosensors

More Related Videos

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
10:16

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

26.1K
Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays
07:13

Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
17:14

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

18.7K
Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
10:16

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

26.1K
Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays
07:13

Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Quantum dots (QDs) offer unique optical properties for biosensing applications.
  • Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) provides a sensitive detection method for biomolecules.
  • Developing efficient ECL labels is crucial for advanced immunoassays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize quaternary CdZnTeS quantum dots (QDs) with strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for use as signal labels.
  • To develop and validate sandwich-structured ECL immunosensors for detecting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125).
  • To evaluate the performance of the developed ECL immunoassays in human serum samples.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of quaternary CdZnTeS quantum dots (QDs).
  • Fabrication of sandwich-structured ECL immunosensors.
  • Direct ECL image analysis for biomarker detection.
  • Assay validation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in human serum.

Main Results:

  • CdZnTeS QDs exhibited strong ECL signals at both cathode (19.78% efficiency) and anode (1.62% efficiency).
  • The ECL immunosensor demonstrated good linearity for AFP (0.5–20 ng/mL) and CA125 (20–500 U/mL).
  • Achieved low detection limits (0.1 ng/mL for AFP, 6 U/mL for CA125) and very low limits using photomultiplier tube (0.1 fg/mL for AFP, 0.03 mU/mL for CA125).

Conclusions:

  • CdZnTeS QDs are effective ECL signal labels for sensitive immunoassays.
  • The developed ECL immunosensor shows significant potential for rapid biomedical screening and multi-analyte detection in clinical diagnosis.
  • The assay performance in human serum samples validates its clinical applicability.