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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Related Experiment Video

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Prion Safety Laboratory Swipe Test
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Prion-like Domains in Eukaryotic Viruses.

George Tetz1, Victor Tetz2

  • 1Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA. georgetets@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Prions are proteins with self-propagating abilities. This study reveals widespread prion-like proteins in eukaryotic viruses, suggesting novel roles in viral replication and host interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prions are known for pathogenic roles in mammalian diseases.
  • Recent findings highlight functional roles of prions in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and bacteriophages.
  • The role of prion-like domains in eukaryotic viruses remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and functional associations of prion-like proteins in eukaryotic viruses.
  • To analyze the distribution patterns of viral prion-like domains across different viral taxa.
  • To identify potential novel regulators of viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational algorithm to detect prion-like amino acid composition.
  • Analyzed a large dataset of publicly available viral protein sequences (2,742,160).

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  • Examined viral protein sequences from viruses affecting insects, plants, mammals, and humans.

    • Main Results:

    • Detected 2679 unique putative prion-like domains in viral proteins.
    • Identified viral prion-like proteins across diverse viruses, including those of insects, plants, mammals, and humans.
    • Revealed common distribution patterns and probable functional associations with viral replication and host cell interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral prion-like proteins are prevalent and functionally significant across various eukaryotic viruses.
    • These proteins may play crucial roles in different stages of the viral life cycle.
    • Viral prion-like proteins represent potential novel targets for regulating viral infections.