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The parallel-axis theorem provides a convenient and quick method of finding the moment of inertia of an object about an axis parallel to the axis passing through its center of mass. Consider a thin rod as an example. There is a striking similarity between the process of finding the moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis through its middle, where the center of mass lies, and about an axis through its end using the conventional method. In the conventional method, the concept of linear mass...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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Gut-Brain Axis and Mood Disorder.

Lu Liu1, Gang Zhu1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome influences mood disorders through the gut-brain axis. This review explores microbiota

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The human gut hosts over 100 trillion bacteria, forming the intestinal microbiota.
  • Emerging evidence links intestinal microbiota to neuro-endocrine-immune pathways.
  • These pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of various mood disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurobiochemical, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmune mechanisms of the gut-brain axis.
  • To elucidate the relationship between intestinal microbiota and mood disorders.
  • To discuss the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics on mood disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the gut-brain axis.
Keywords:
gut–brain axisintestinal microbiotamood disordersneuro-endocrine-immunestress

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  • Evaluation of research on microbiota modulation and mood disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • The gut microbiota significantly communicates with the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis.
    • Alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with mood disorders like depression and anxiety.
    • Prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics demonstrate potential to modulate mood through microbiota interventions.

    Conclusions:

    • The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating mood and emotional states.
    • Targeting the gut microbiota offers promising therapeutic strategies for mood disorders.
    • Further research is warranted to develop effective microbiota-based interventions for psychiatric conditions.