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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
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Oncolytic Virotherapy by HSV.

Daisuke Watanabe1, Fumi Goshima2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan. dwatanab@aichi-med-u.ac.jp.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
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Oncolytic virotherapy uses engineered viruses to target and destroy cancer cells. This review details the evolution of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) therapies and their combination strategies for enhanced antitumor effects.

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy as a novel cancer treatment modality.
  • Engineering of viruses for targeted tumor cell lysis and therapeutic transgene delivery.

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes viruses with inherent or engineered tumor-selective replication to infect and eliminate cancer cells.
  • The field has progressed from first-generation wild-type viruses to advanced second-generation recombinant viruses and third-generation "armed" oncolytic viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, mechanisms, rationale, and benefits of oncolytic virotherapy specifically using herpes simplex virus (HSV).
  • To summarize past and ongoing clinical trials involving oncolytic HSVs.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing oncolytic virotherapy through gene modification and combination therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and scientific literature on oncolytic virotherapy.
Keywords:
G207HF10HSVHSV1716Herpes simplex virusNV1020OncoVEXGM-CSFOncolytic virotherapyT-VECTalimogene laherparepvec

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  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for engineered oncolytic viruses.
  • Summary of clinical trial data for various oncolytic HSV candidates.

    • Main Results:

    • Oncolytic virotherapy has evolved significantly, with engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors showing promise.
    • Several oncolytic HSV candidates (e.g., G207, T-VEC) have undergone clinical evaluation.
    • Combination strategies involving gene modification, radiation, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors show potential for improved outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Oncolytic virotherapy, particularly with engineered HSV, represents a promising approach to cancer treatment.
    • Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize efficacy and expand therapeutic applications.
    • Combination therapies hold significant potential for enhancing the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy.