Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.5K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.1K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.6K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
5.6K
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

4.5K
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MicroRNA network regulation of developmental bone toxicity in a human embryonic stem cell osteogenic model.

NAM journal·2026
Same author

A response to the Comment on "The effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke: an INFOMATAS study".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

A longitudinal, qualitative exploration of women's sexual recovery following surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse.

Women's health (London, England)·2026
Same author

The effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke: An INFOMATAS study.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

A sexual health continuing education quality assurance project: enhancing oncosexology competence in interdisciplinary cancer care providers.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2025
Same author

Characterizing sexuality and assessing predictors of sexual satisfaction in patients with multiple myeloma and other hematological cancers.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
22:06

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: February 25, 2007

14.0K

The Validated Embryonic Stem Cell Test with Murine Embryonic Stem Cells.

Lauren M Walker1, Darcie L V McClelland-Descalzo2, Nicole I Zur Nieden3,4

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The embryonic stem cell test (EST) predicts chemical risks to fetal development by assessing cell toxicity and differentiation inhibition. This method reduces animal testing and enhances the prediction of birth defects.

Keywords:
CardiomyocyteContraction countingDevelopmental toxicityEmbryonic stem cell testEmbryotoxicityQuantitative gene expression analysis

More Related Videos

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
11:56

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

34.8K
Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation
08:56

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation

Published on: August 1, 2010

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
22:06

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: February 25, 2007

14.0K
Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
11:56

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Published on: December 13, 2007

34.8K
Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation
08:56

Fate Mapping of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Teratoma Formation

Published on: August 1, 2010

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Science

Background:

  • Birth defects are a primary cause of infant mortality in the USA, with unknown etiologies for most cases.
  • Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals poses significant, yet poorly understood, risks to fetal development.
  • Accurate prediction of embryotoxicity is crucial for preventing birth defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the validated embryonic stem cell test (EST) protocol for assessing chemical embryotoxicity.
  • To explain the use of cardiomyocyte differentiation as a specific endpoint within the EST.
  • To outline methods for employing molecular endpoints to evaluate compound-induced embryotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the embryonic stem cell test (EST) which compares cytotoxicity in embryonic and adult cells.
  • Assessing the inhibition of differentiation as a key indicator of embryotoxicity.
  • Implementing routine stem cell culture and cardiomyocyte differentiation procedures.
  • Employing molecular endpoints for precise assessment of embryotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • The EST effectively predicts embryotoxicity by analyzing cellular responses and differentiation inhibition.
  • This in vitro method significantly reduces reliance on animal testing for toxicity assessments.
  • The EST's versatility allows for the evaluation of a wide range of developmental complications.

Conclusions:

  • The validated EST, particularly with cardiomyocyte differentiation, offers a reliable method for predicting chemical risks to fetal development.
  • This approach provides a versatile and ethical alternative to traditional animal testing in toxicology.
  • Refined EST protocols with molecular endpoints enhance the accurate assessment of embryotoxicity and aid in preventing birth defects.