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Ilheus and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses elicit cross-protection against a lethal Rocio virus challenge in mice

Alberto Anastacio Amarilla1, Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli2, Mario Luis Figueiredo1

  • 1Laboratory of Virology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Plos One
|June 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Prior exposure to Ilheus virus or Saint Louis encephalitis virus may protect against Rocio virus (ROCV) encephalitis. This cross-protection suggests existing flavivirus immunity could limit ROCV outbreaks in Brazil.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rocio virus (ROCV) caused a significant encephalitis outbreak in Brazil in the 1970s.
  • Despite the initial outbreak, further ROCV cases are rare, though serological evidence suggests ongoing circulation in Brazil.
  • Cross-protection between flaviviruses is known, potentially explaining the lack of subsequent ROCV outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential cross-protection conferred by other flaviviruses against Rocio virus (ROCV) infection.
  • To evaluate the role of pre-existing flavivirus immunity in limiting ROCV disease.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental infection model using C57BL/6 mice.
  • Assessment of cross-protection after prior exposure to endemic Brazilian flaviviruses, specifically Ilheus virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus.
  • Evaluation of ROCV infection outcomes in mice with varied flavivirus exposure histories.

Main Results:

  • Mice previously exposed to Ilheus virus showed significant cross-protection against ROCV infection.
  • Prior exposure to Saint Louis encephalitis virus also conferred cross-protection against ROCV.
  • These findings indicate that antibodies generated by other flaviviruses can limit ROCV pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-reactive immunity induced by endemic flaviviruses like Ilheus virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus may play a crucial role in preventing Rocio virus (ROCV) disease outbreaks.
  • Understanding flavivirus cross-protection is essential for predicting and managing arboviral encephalitis epidemiology in Brazil.

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