Maxillomandibular giant osteosclerotic lesions

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• Pathology of Bone Lesions

Background:

• Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) are uncommon intraosseous lesions that require accurate diagnosis to distinguish them from malignant neoplasms.
• Their occurrence in the maxillomandibular region necessitates detailed clinical and radiographic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the clinical and radiographic characteristics of Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) measuring 2.5 cm or larger in the maxillofacial bones.
• To identify associated osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs) in patients with GOLs.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 14 patients with 17 GOLs (≥2.5 cm) in the maxillofacial bones.
• Assessment of lesion appearance, borders, size, location, and relationship to tooth roots.
• Evaluation for co-existing osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs).

Main Results:

• GOLs were predominantly found in the mandible, with idiopathic osteosclerosis accounting for 94.2% and condensing osteitis for one case.
• Lesions were more frequent in females and located in the anterior and premolar regions.
• Associated DDAs included microdontia, hypodontia, pulp stones, macrodontia, and mental foramen variations.

Conclusions:

• Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) in the maxillofacial region are typically benign, with idiopathic osteosclerosis being the most common type.
• Condensing osteitis represents a reactive bone response to chronic inflammation.
• Idiopathic osteosclerosis may result from altered bone turnover or impaired bone resorption processes.