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Related Concept Videos

Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Weighted Mean00:57

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Atomic Weight01:25

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Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
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Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

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True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
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Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli
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New Approaches for Weight Loss: Experiments Using Animal Models.

Magnus K Olsen1,2, Helene Johannessen1, Reshma Ramracheya3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rising. Translational studies explore weight loss, vagal blocking therapy for obesity, and T2D remission mechanisms after gastric bypass surgery.

Keywords:
Energy balancePYYbariatric surgeryobesetime-restricted feedingvagus nerve.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Surgical interventions
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Rising global prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults and adolescents.
  • Increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) concurrent with obesity.
  • Bariatric surgery as a long-term obesity treatment potentially inducing T2D remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate mechanisms of steady-state energy balance in obesity.
  • Explore time-restricted feeding for weight loss.
  • Examine vagal blocking therapy (vBLoc® therapy) for obesity treatment.
  • Elucidate mechanisms behind T2D remission post-gastric bypass.

Main Methods:

  • Translational studies utilizing specific time-restricted feeding regimens.
  • Analysis of vagal blocking therapy (vBLoc® therapy) efficacy.
  • Investigation of physiological changes following gastric bypass surgery.

Main Results:

  • Insights into steady-state energy balance in obese phenotypes.
  • Potential understanding of vBLoc® therapy's role in obesity management.
  • Exploration of pathways leading to T2D remission after bariatric procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Translational research offers potential insights into obesity and T2D mechanisms.
  • Time-restricted feeding and vBLoc® therapy are areas for further obesity research.
  • Understanding bariatric surgery's impact on T2D remission is crucial for metabolic health.