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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Such genes that act...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

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Landscape reveals critical network structures for sharpening gene expression boundaries.

Chunhe Li1,2, Lei Zhang3,4, Qing Nie5,6

  • 1Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China. chunheli@fudan.edu.cn.

BMC Systems Biology
|June 15, 2018
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Summary

This study reveals how gene expression boundaries sharpen during development. The mutual repressed self-activation model offers robust boundary sharpening, crucial for understanding cell fate decisions.

Keywords:
Gene expression boundariesLandscapeMorphogenSwitching time

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Spatial pattern formation is key in developmental biology.
  • Gene expression boundary sharpening is observed but not fully understood.
  • Mechanisms determining boundary sharpness require elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate boundary sharpening mechanisms using biological motifs.
  • Analyze probabilistic landscapes and switching times.
  • Explain noise-induced gene state switching in pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated three biological motifs interacting with morphogens.
  • Analyzed probabilistic landscapes and average switching times.
  • Modeled gene networks including mutual repression and self-activation.

Main Results:

  • Identified asymmetric bistability as essential for boundary sharpening.
  • Mutual repressed self-activation model showed robust sharpening.
  • Shortest switching times observed in the mutual repressed self-activation model.
  • Cross-gradients of morphogens enhance boundary sharpening stability.

Conclusions:

  • Revealed underlying principles of gene expression boundary sharpening.
  • Provided mechanistic understanding for cell fate decisions.
  • Highlighted the role of noise-induced switching in developmental pattern formation.