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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Elimination Kinetics: First-Order and Zero-Order01:05

Elimination Kinetics: First-Order and Zero-Order

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Eliminating drugs from the body is a vital process that occurs through excretion or metabolism. Understanding the kinetics of drug elimination is crucial for drug development, dosage determination, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is a drug's half-life, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order...
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Elimination Reactions02:25

Elimination Reactions

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A nucleophile can react with an alkyl halide to give the substitution product by displacing the halogen. Or it can function as a base to give the elimination product by deprotonation of the neighboring carbon to form an alkene. In an elimination reaction, the substrate loses two groups from adjacent carbons forming at least one π bond. The carbon attached to the halogen is called the α carbon, while the adjacent carbon is called the β carbon; hence, these reactions are called...
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Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

Radical Formation: Elimination

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Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions with respect...
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence
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Tuberculosis elimination: where are we now?

Alberto Matteelli1, Adrian Rendon2, Simon Tiberi3

  • 1University Dept of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB/HIV co-infection and for TB elimination, University of Brescia and Brescia Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) elimination requires new strategies beyond current efforts. Achieving a TB-free world by 2035 necessitates novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment tools to accelerate incidence decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Global Health Policy

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge despite extensive control efforts.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the End TB Strategy in 2014, aiming for TB elimination by 2035.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the foundational principles of the End TB Strategy.
  • To evaluate progress and identify ongoing challenges in the pursuit of TB elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical WHO TB control strategies (DOTS, Stop TB, End TB).
  • Analysis of the concept and definition of TB elimination.
  • Detailed discussion of WHO's eight core activities for TB elimination milestones.
  • Examination of case studies from Cyprus, Oman, and Latin America.

Main Results:

  • The article details the evolution of TB control strategies and the concept of elimination.
  • Progress and persistent obstacles toward TB elimination are analyzed.
  • Case studies illustrate real-world progress and challenges in TB elimination efforts.

Conclusions:

  • The End TB Strategy provides a framework for global TB elimination.
  • Accelerating TB incidence decline requires innovative tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Continued international collaboration and strategic implementation are crucial for achieving a TB-free world.