Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K

Prevalence of, and risk factors for, presenting visual impairment: findings from a vision screening programme based

Alison Bruce1,2, Gillian Santorelli3, John Wright3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK. alison.bruce@bthft.nhs.uk.

Eye (London, England)
|June 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Vision screening in UK children found a high prevalence of presenting visual impairment (PVI), particularly in ethnic minority groups. Ethnicity, maternal age, and birth weight were key factors associated with PVI.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Vision screening in early childhood is crucial for identifying and managing potential sight problems.
  • Understanding factors influencing vision screening outcomes in diverse populations is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine presenting visual acuity (VA) levels in 4-5-year-old UK children.
  • To explore factors associated with failing vision screening and presenting visual impairment (PVI) in a multi-ethnic cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based vision screening of 16,541 children aged 4-5 years using the logMAR Crowded Test.
  • Referral criteria based on national recommendations (>0.20 logMAR).
  • Multivariable logistic regression to analyze associations with ethnicity, maternal, and early-life factors.

Main Results:

  • 15% failed screening; 4.4% had PVI (VA >0.3 logMAR).
  • Increased odds of PVI observed in children of Pakistani (OR: 2.49) and other ethnicities (OR: 2.00) compared to white children.
  • Higher odds of PVI also linked to older maternal age and low birth weight.

Conclusions:

  • A significant prevalence of PVI exists in this UK cohort.
  • Ethnicity is a strong predictor of failing vision screening and PVI.
  • The vision screening program demonstrated good positive predictive value for identifying true cases.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

8.1K
A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision09:29

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Published on: February 11, 2014

13.5K

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.7K
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
480
Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
1.9K
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.1K
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.4K
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
344