Managing Constipation in Adults With Cancer.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Palliative Care

Background:

• Constipation is highly prevalent in cancer patients, affecting up to 60%.
• Risk factors include advanced disease and use of opioid analgesics or anticholinergic drugs.
• Inconsistent assessment and management of constipation lead to increased patient distress.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the incidence and risk factors of constipation in cancer patients.
• To explore nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies for constipation and fecal impaction.
• To synthesize evidence-based laxative management recommendations.

Main Methods:

• Extensive literature review of medical, pharmacy, and nursing journals.
• Analysis of constipation physiology, pathogenesis, and drug mechanisms of action.
• Condensation of clinical expert consensus recommendations.

Main Results:

• Constipation is a significant issue, particularly in advanced cancer.
• Limited research supports current management strategies.
• Various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions exist, with varying efficacy and side effect profiles.

Conclusions:

• Advanced practitioners play a key role in identifying and managing constipation in cancer patients.
• Clear communication between clinicians and patients regarding constipation severity and treatment is essential.
• Appropriate selection and use of laxatives, including over-the-counter and prescription options, are crucial for effective management.