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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases: A Structural Overview.

Diego Ferrero1, Cristina Ferrer-Orta1, Núria Verdaguer2

  • 1Structural Biology Unit, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) are key enzymes in viral RNA replication and transcription. Their structures reveal mechanisms for controlling viral RNA genomes, crucial for understanding viral diseases.

Keywords:
PolymeraseRNA VirusesRNA synthesisRNA-dependent RNA polymeraseStructureViral replication

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Emerging viral diseases often involve RNA viruses.
  • RNA viruses, excluding retroviruses, utilize RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) for replication.
  • RdRPs are essential for viral RNA genome transcription and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the structural basis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) function.
  • To understand the mechanisms of viral RNA genome replication and transcription.
  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of viral RNA synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-resolution structures of RdRPs.
  • Examination of RdRP catalytic complexes from various RNA virus families ((+) ssRNA, (-)ssRNA, dsRNA).
  • Structural comparison to elucidate conserved and unique functional features.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution structures of RdRPs and their complexes offer insights into enzyme function.
  • Structural data reveals key steps in viral RNA genome replication and transcription.
  • Understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing viral RNA synthesis is enhanced.

Conclusions:

  • Structural studies of RdRPs are vital for comprehending viral RNA replication.
  • Knowledge of RdRP structures aids in developing antiviral strategies.
  • RdRPs represent critical targets for therapeutic intervention against RNA viruses.