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Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

Published on: December 21, 2021

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Relations between early maternal sensitivity and toddler self-regulation: Exploring variation by oxytocin and

Mairin E Augustine1,2, Esther M Leerkes1, Andrew Smolen3

  • 1The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.

Developmental Psychobiology
|June 15, 2018
PubMed

Gene-by-environment interactions between maternal sensitivity during infancy and child oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) and D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2 TaqIA, rs1822497) genotypes were explored as predictors of toddlers' well-regulated behavioral and physiological responses to maternal compliance demands. Maternal sensitivity was assessed across a range of mother-child interactions when children were 6 months and 1 year of age (N = 186), and toddler self-regulatory responses were assessed through compliance and vagal withdrawal during a toy clean-up task when children were 2 years of age. Sensitivity-by-OXTR interactions suggested two diathesis-stress patterns, predicting compliance for the GG genotype group, and predicting physiological regulation for the AA/AG genotype group. A main effect for DRD2 genotype indicated that children with an A1 allele displayed less-compliant behavior in toddlerhood. These results suggest that genetic differences may contribute to variation both in risk for self-regulatory difficulties, and in relations between maternal sensitivity and children's responses to compliance demands at different levels of analysis.

Keywords:
GxERSAinfancymaternal sensitivityself-regulation

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