Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

72.6K
Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
72.6K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

18.0K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
18.0K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.1K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
41.1K
Per-Unit Sequence Models01:26

Per-Unit Sequence Models

455
An ideal Y-Y transformer, grounded through neutral impedances, displays per-unit sequence networks akin to those of a single-phase ideal transformer when subjected to balanced positive- or negative-sequence currents. These currents do not produce neutral currents, and their associated voltage drops.
Zero-sequence currents, which are identical in magnitude and phase, generate a neutral current, resulting in voltage drops across the neutral impedance and the low-voltage winding. If the...
455
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

9.7K
This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
9.7K
General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

36.0K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
36.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phylogenetic Inference and Ancestral Character Reconstruction of Diphyllobothriid Tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae).

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Microglial mitophagy as an immunometabolic checkpoint in alzheimer's disease: linking mitochondrial quality control to neuroinflammation.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

[Acupuncture as main therapy for Ramsay-Hunt syndrome complicated with incomplete Vernet syndrome caused by otic herpes zoster: a case report].

Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion·2026
Same author

Effects of different intervention modalities combined with exercise in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

The Influences of Sediment Load on the Biodiversity of Algal Turfs in Coral Reef Ecosystems through Environmental DNA Analysis.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

The ISChip: A high-throughput qPCR array for absolute quantification of insertion sequences across the One Health continuum.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.0K

Light-Induced RAFT Single Unit Monomer Insertion in Aqueous Solution-Toward Sequence-Controlled Polymers.

Annelore Aerts1,2, Reece W Lewis2,3, Yanyan Zhou4,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Helix Building, University of Technology Eindhoven, Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, the Netherlands.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Visible light initiates single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) of N,N-dimethylacrylamide into a RAFT agent. Red light offers the cleanest reaction, while higher temperatures increase reaction rates and reduce byproducts.

Keywords:
RAFTradical polymerizationsequence defined polymerssingle unit monomer insertion

More Related Videos

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

10.2K
Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

4.0K
Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization
10:54

Facile and Efficient Preparation of Tri-component Fluorescent Glycopolymers via RAFT-controlled Polymerization

Published on: June 19, 2015

10.2K
Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
08:41

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a controlled radical polymerization technique.
  • Visible light-initiated polymerizations offer advantages in safety and spatiotemporal control.
  • Sequential, single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) is a method for precise polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first instance of visible light-initiated SUMI of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) into a specific RAFT agent (CTA1).
  • To investigate the effect of irradiation wavelength and temperature on SUMI specificity and kinetics.
  • To understand the factors influencing selective monomer insertion versus oligomer formation.

Main Methods:

  • Visible light irradiation of DMAm and CTA1 in aqueous solution.
  • Varying irradiation wavelengths (red and blue light) and reaction temperatures (ambient and 65 °C).
  • Kinetic analysis and product characterization to determine reaction selectivity and conversion.

Main Results:

  • Red light irradiation resulted in highly selective SUMI with linear pseudo-first order kinetics to >80% conversion, albeit with a slower rate.
  • Blue light initiated a faster reaction but produced minor byproducts (<2%) and showed a conversion plateau at >65%.
  • Increased reaction temperature (65 °C) accelerated the rate and reduced oligomer formation.

Conclusions:

  • Visible light can selectively initiate SUMI of DMAm into CTA1, with red light providing the highest specificity.
  • Wavelength and temperature are critical parameters controlling the selectivity and efficiency of the SUMI process.
  • The findings enable more precise control over polymer chain growth using photochemically controlled radical polymerization.