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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Varicella-zoster virus and urologic practice: a case-based review.

Khushabu Kasabwala1, Gilbert J Wise

  • 1Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.

The Canadian Journal of Urology
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), or shingles, can affect the urinary system, causing issues like voiding dysfunction. Early recognition and treatment of VZV in urology practice are crucial for better patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, commonly known as shingles (herpes zoster, HZ), is increasingly prevalent.
  • While typically presenting as a skin rash, VZV can manifest with urologic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management of VZV in urologic practice.
  • To enhance awareness of VZV's atypical urologic manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted.
  • Keywords included "herpes zoster," "varicella-zoster virus," and various urologic terms.

Main Results:

  • VZV infection, particularly HZ, is rising, affecting older adults and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Urologic conditions such as voiding dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, and flank pain are associated with HZ.
  • Urologic procedures may trigger HZ outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding atypical VZV presentations is vital for urologists.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of VZV can reduce infection severity and duration.
  • Awareness can prevent misdiagnosis and treatment delays.