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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
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Faraday Disk Dynamo01:23

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A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
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Wave Parameters01:10

Wave Parameters

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The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...
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In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
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Optimal Parameters for Intervertebral Disk Resection Using Aqua-Plasma Beams.

Sung-Young Yoon1, Gon-Ho Kim2, Yushin Kim3

  • 1Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan, The Republic of Korea.

Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part A, Central European Neurosurgery
|June 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study determined optimal parameters for plasma disk resection, a minimally invasive procedure. The findings provide crucial data for safe and effective clinical application of plasma technology in spinal surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Plasma Physics in Medicine
  • Spinal Procedures

Background:

  • Plasma technology offers a minimally invasive approach for intervertebral disk resection.
  • Current plasma procedure parameters rely heavily on surgeon experience, lacking experimental validation.
  • Optimizing these parameters is essential for safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal voltage and tip speed for plasma-based intervertebral disk resection.
  • To establish evidence-based parameters for enhanced safety and tissue preservation.
  • To advance the clinical application of plasma technology in spinal surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Ablation rates were measured using porcine nucleus pulposus at varying tip speeds and voltages.
  • Thermal safety was assessed by quantifying heat formation under experimental conditions.
  • Porcine nucleus pulposus served as a model for human intervertebral disk tissue.

Main Results:

  • Ablation rate increased with higher voltages and slower procedural tip speeds.
  • Optimal parameters for thermal safety and minimal tissue damage were identified as 280 Vrms and 2.5 mm/s.
  • Experimental data guided the selection of safe and effective procedural settings.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides experimentally validated parameters for plasma disk resection.
  • These findings contribute to the safe and effective clinical implementation of plasma-based spinal procedures.
  • Optimized parameters enhance the therapeutic potential of plasma technology in treating spinal conditions.