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Related Concept Videos

Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

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Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
08:40

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[Physiologically based toxicokinetic model for nickel].

Hongjun Zhao1, Pengfei Ge1, Xuhong Chang1

  • 1Department of Chronic Disease, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730020, China.

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene Research
|June 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict nickel exposure. The model shows kidneys are the primary organs for nickel accumulation in occupational settings.

Keywords:
internal dosenickelphysiologically based toxicokinetic model

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Nickel exposure poses health risks, necessitating accurate methods to assess internal dose.
  • Understanding nickel's metabolic parameters in various tissues is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for rats and occupational populations exposed to nickel.
  • To estimate nickel's metabolic parameters and toxicokinetic characteristics in different organs.
  • To predict internal nickel concentrations based on external exposure levels.

Main Methods:

  • Partition coefficients for nickel in different tissues were estimated using acslx software.
  • A PBPK model was constructed for occupational populations exposed to nickel.
  • Vector data and optimization techniques were employed for parameter estimation.

Main Results:

  • The PBPK model successfully estimated nickel partition coefficients, with the highest in kidney blood (0.668).
  • Simulated occupational exposure (0.1 mg/m³ for 8 hours) indicated highest nickel concentration in kidneys (3.328 μg/kg).
  • Kidneys were identified as the primary organs for nickel metabolism and accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PBPK model effectively translates external nickel exposure to internal organ doses.
  • The model allows for the evaluation of time-dose relationships for nickel exposure in both rat and occupational studies.
  • This PBPK model provides a valuable tool for assessing nickel toxicity and informing occupational safety guidelines.