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Smashing mantis shrimp strategically impact shells.

R L Crane1, S M Cox2, S A Kisare3

  • 1Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA rlcrane@stanford.edu.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|June 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mantis shrimp strike snail shells repeatedly in specific locations, adapting their impact strategy based on prey shape. This ballistic approach differs from crushing, allowing them to process larger prey.

Keywords:
Behavioral plasticityDurophagyMolluskPhysical modelShell fractureStomatopod

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Predator-prey interactions
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Mollusk shell fracture by predators is crucial for prey capture.
  • Existing models focus on slow crushing (high impulse, low peak force) by jaw/claw predators.
  • Impact-based fracture (low impulse, high peak force) is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate mantis shrimp impact strategies on snail shells.
  • Determine if strike location varies with prey shell shape.
  • Incorporate impact fracture into the prevailing predator-prey paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Observed mantis shrimp (Neogonodactylus bredini) striking snail shells (Nerita spp., Cenchritis muricatus, Cerithium spp.).
  • Used a physical model (Ninjabot) to test strike location effectiveness.
  • Analyzed fracture progression and damage.

Main Results:

  • Mantis shrimp struck shells hundreds of times, targeting specific locations.
  • Strike strategy adapted: aperture for globular shells, apex for high-spired shells.
  • Ineffective strike locations were avoided; fracture difficulty increased over time.

Conclusions:

  • Mantis shrimp employ a ballistic, feed-forward controlled impact strategy.
  • This differs from feedback-controlled crushing, allowing larger prey processing.
  • They offer a model for studying impact fracture physics and evolution.