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The relationship between reinforcement and explicit control during visuomotor adaptation.

Olivier Codol¹, Peter J Holland², Joseph M Galea²

¹School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. codol.olivier@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|June 16, 2018

Summary

Explicit control is crucial for reinforcement learning in motor adaptation. This study shows that reinforcement learning requires explicit control for successful motor adaptation and retention.

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Area of Science:

Motor learning
Cognitive neuroscience
Motor control

Background:

Motor adaptation relies on multiple systems: cerebellar learning, reinforcement, and explicit control.
The interaction between reinforcement and explicit control in motor learning is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between reinforcement and explicit control in motor learning.
To determine the necessity of explicit control for reinforcement-based motor adaptation.

Main Methods:

Participants learned a visuomotor displacement.
Binary feedback (BF) was introduced with or without visual cues to manipulate reinforcement.
Explicit control was manipulated by instructions and timing constraints.

Main Results:

Binary feedback (BF) enhanced retention of motor adaptation.
Instructing participants to stop re-aiming nullified the retention benefits of BF.
Impairing explicit control expression or development during BF strongly impaired performance.

Conclusions:

Explicit control is critical for reinforcement-based motor learning.
Reinforcement learning requires both the recruitment and expression of an explicit component.