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Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon
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Achilles tendon loading during weight bearing exercises.

Naghmeh Gheidi1, Thomas W Kernozek2, John D Willson3

  • 1Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA; La Crosse Institute for Movement Science, Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, USA.

Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine
|June 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Static, bilateral exercises like squats generally lead to lower Achilles tendon (AT) loading compared to dynamic, unilateral movements. This suggests a safer progression for AT rehabilitation programs.

Keywords:
KinematicsKineticsRehabilitationStrainTherapeutic exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal modeling
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • The Achilles tendon (AT) is crucial for locomotion.
  • Understanding AT loading during therapeutic exercises is vital for effective rehabilitation.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively compared AT loading across various common weight-bearing exercises.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare estimated Achilles tendon (AT) loading during commonly performed weight-bearing therapeutic exercises using a musculoskeletal model.
  • To identify exercises that impose higher or lower stress on the AT.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled laboratory study involving 18 healthy males.
  • Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during 11 different weight-bearing exercises.
  • A musculoskeletal model estimated triceps surae force, and ultrasound measured AT cross-sectional area to determine AT stress.

Main Results:

  • Squat and unilateral jump landing showed the most significant differences in AT stress.
  • Peak AT stress was generally higher during dynamic, unilateral exercises compared to static, bilateral exercises.

Conclusions:

  • Bilateral, static exercises result in lower AT loading.
  • These exercises may be suitable for earlier stages of AT rehabilitation compared to more dynamic, unilateral exercises.