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Complex many-particle systems can exhibit negative differential mobility (NDM) when an external field slows down non-driven degrees of freedom. This study proposes and validates this new mechanism in various interacting particle systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical physics
  • Complex systems
  • Many-particle dynamics

Background:

  • Driven particles in crowded environments often show negative differential mobility (NDM).
  • Existing models attribute NDM to decreased dynamical activity of driven particles.
  • A new mechanism for NDM in complex systems requires exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a novel mechanism for NDM in complex many-particle systems.
  • Investigate the role of non-driven degrees of freedom in NDM.
  • Validate the proposed mechanism across diverse interacting particle systems.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical studies of conserved lattice gas and two-species exclusion models.
  • Analysis of driven diffusive systems including misanthrope process.
  • Exact steady-state calculations and pedagogical examples (two interacting random walkers on a ring).

Main Results:

  • A new mechanism for NDM is proposed: slowing down of non-driven degrees of freedom by an external field.
  • NDM is shown to appear in various systems when specific non-driven modes are deliberately slowed.
  • A simple pedagogical model confirms the proposed scenario.

Conclusions:

  • The slowing down of non-driven degrees of freedom is identified as a key cause of NDM in complex many-particle systems.
  • This mechanism provides a new perspective on understanding and potentially controlling particle dynamics.
  • The findings are robust across different interacting particle models and a simplified system.