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Why Does the Cortex Reorganize after Sensory Loss?

Amy Kalia Singh1, Flip Phillips2, Lotfi B Merabet3

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|June 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize after sensory loss. However, this reorganization may not be compensatory, but rather to prevent negative physiological effects from sensory deafferentation.

Keywords:
cortical reorganizationmultimodal activationsplasticitysensory compensationsensory loss

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Sensory processing

Background:

  • Evidence shows significant brain reorganization (neuroplasticity) after sensory loss.
  • The functional impact of this crossmodal reorganization is not fully understood.
  • Current theories often propose compensatory mechanisms for enhanced abilities in remaining senses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore reasons beyond sensory compensation for brain reorganization following sensory loss.
  • To investigate alternative hypotheses for neuroplastic changes after deafferentation.
  • To identify future research directions for understanding the functional significance of sensory loss-induced brain changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on neuroplasticity and sensory loss.
  • Theoretical consideration of alternative explanations for cortical reorganization.
  • Proposal of empirical research avenues to test hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • The compensatory role of neuroplasticity after sensory loss is not definitively proven.
  • Alternative explanations for brain reorganization, such as avoiding negative physiological consequences of deafferentation, are proposed.
  • Existing data does not unequivocally support enhanced abilities in other senses post-deprivation.

Conclusions:

  • Brain reorganization after sensory loss may serve to mitigate negative physiological outcomes of deafferentation, rather than solely for compensation.
  • Further empirical research is needed to validate these alternative hypotheses.
  • Understanding the precise drivers of neuroplasticity post-sensory loss is crucial for future research.