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Human milk as a protective factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jinglan Huang1,2, Li Zhang1,2, Jun Tang1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|June 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Feeding preterm infants human milk, whether exclusively or partially, is linked to a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings due to low evidence quality.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication in preterm infants.
  • Human milk is recognized for its protective properties in neonates.
  • The specific impact of human milk on BPD risk requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the association between human milk consumption and the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted, searching English and Chinese databases.
  • Inclusion criteria comprised preterm infants (<37 weeks), human milk feeding, comparison with formula feeding, and BPD as an outcome.
  • Studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 17 cohort studies and 5 RCTs, totaling 8661 preterm infants.
  • Various comparisons of human milk (exclusive or partial) versus formula feeding showed a reduced risk of BPD.
  • Odds ratios ranged from 0.76 to 0.83, indicating a protective effect, though RCTs alone did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Both exclusive and partial human milk feeding are associated with a lower risk of BPD in preterm infants.
  • The current evidence quality is low, highlighting the need for more high-quality RCTs.
  • Promoting human milk consumption in preterm infants may be beneficial for BPD prevention.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiahuman milkprotective factor

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