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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Methods for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans
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[Research progress of antipsychotics].

Fei-pu Yang, Yang He, Zhen Wang

    Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Current antipsychotics treat positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms but not cognitive deficits and cause side effects. New drug targets like D(3) and glutamate receptors are being explored for improved treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Schizophrenia affects approximately 8‰ of the global population.
    • Atypical antipsychotics (D(2)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism) are first-line treatments.
    • These drugs are effective for positive/negative symptoms but not cognitive deficits.
    • Atypical antipsychotics are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic side effects (e.g., QT prolongation, weight gain).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review research progress in antipsychotic drug development.
    • To identify new therapeutic targets for more effective schizophrenia treatments with fewer side effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent advancements in antipsychotic research.
    • Analysis of emerging drug targets beyond D(2)/5-HT(2A) receptors.

    Main Results:

    • Atypical antipsychotics show limitations in treating cognitive deficits and adverse effects.
    • New targets including D(3), glutamate, H(3) receptors, and PDE10A have been identified.
    • Research is progressing towards developing more potent antipsychotics with improved side effect profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a need for novel antipsychotics that address cognitive deficits and reduce side effects.
    • Targeting D(3), glutamate, H(3) receptors, and PDE10A represents a promising direction for future schizophrenia pharmacotherapy.