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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Assessment of radial pulse01:11

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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

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Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms
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Radial Forearm.

Lawrence J Gottlieb1

  • 1Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Room J-641, MC6035, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|June 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radial forearm free flap phalloplasty offers a thin, sensate flap for transgender men. Modifications improve outcomes by addressing anatomical differences and preventing urethral complications.

Keywords:
FlapForearmNeourethraPenilePhallusTransgender men

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Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Urology
  • Gender-affirming care

Background:

  • The radial forearm free flap is a common technique for phalloplasty.
  • Previous descriptions required modifications to suit Western populations with more subcutaneous fat.
  • Potential complications include distal/meatal stenosis and proximal urethral strictures/fistulas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe modifications of the radial forearm free flap phalloplasty technique.
  • To enhance functional and aesthetic outcomes in transgender men.
  • To minimize common surgical complications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a thin, sensate, minimally hair-bearing cutaneous flap from the radial forearm.
  • Increasing flap dimensions to accommodate subcutaneous fat in Western populations.
  • Incorporating a centrally placed neo-urethra with a distal extension for neoglans formation.
  • Performing preliminary urethral extension surgery to improve neophallus positioning and reduce proximal urethral issues.

Main Results:

  • The described modifications aim to eliminate distal/meatal stenosis.
  • Preliminary urethral extension has improved neophallus position.
  • Minimization of proximal urethral strictures and fistulas has been observed.
  • The technique provides a suitable flap for phalloplasty in transgender men.

Conclusions:

  • Modified radial forearm free flap phalloplasty offers improved outcomes for transgender men.
  • Technique modifications effectively address anatomical variations and prevent urethral complications.
  • This approach enhances functional and aesthetic results in gender-affirming surgery.