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Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Measurement: Standard Units

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.

Units and Standards of Measurement

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.

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Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

Published on: April 10, 2017

Core Items for a Standardized Resource Use Measure: Expert Delphi Consensus Survey.

Joanna C Thorn¹, Sara T Brookes¹, Colin Ridyard²

¹School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

|June 19, 2018

Summary

A Delphi survey identified 10 core resource use items for a standardized UK health economic evaluation instrument. This consensus suggests a feasible, validated measure to improve data quality and comparability in research.

Keywords:

cost measurement patient-reported randomized clinical trial resource use

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Area of Science:

Health Economics
Health Services Research

Background:

Patient recall for resource use measurement lacks standardized methods and validation.
A validated, standardized measure is needed to enhance data quality, study comparability, and reduce research burden.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify a core set of resource use items for a standardized adult instrument.
Focus on UK health economic evaluations from a provider perspective.

Main Methods:

Electronic Delphi survey with health economists experienced in UK economic evaluations.
Two rounds of surveys rating 60 resource use items on importance.
Consensus criteria used to refine items, followed by a final project team meeting.

Main Results:

34 items advanced to round 2 after 26 were dropped in round 1.
42 participants completed round 2, showing increased consensus.
10 core resource use items were selected, with additional items for optional modules.

Conclusions:

Consensus on 10 core items indicates feasibility of a standardized instrument.
The identified core set can improve consistency in health economic evaluations.