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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Co-Culture of Murine Small Intestine Epithelial Organoids with Innate Lymphoid Cells
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Mitophagy in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Triggers Adaptive Immunity during Tumorigenesis.

Paul K Ziegler1, Julia Bollrath2, Charles K Pallangyo2

  • 1Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Frankfurt University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.

Cell
|June 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer tumors with more cytotoxic CD8+ T cells have better outcomes. Intestinal epithelial cells use mitophagy and lysosomal damage to boost T cell responses against tumors.

Keywords:
Stat3adaptive immunityantigen processingcolon cancercross dressingintestinal epithelial cellslysosomal membrane permeabilizationmitophagy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • High density of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer tumors correlates with improved patient prognosis.
  • Understanding the mechanisms that enhance anti-tumor immunity is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intracellular mechanisms within intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that regulate the adaptive immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer.
  • To explore the role of Stat3 signaling in controlling T cell-mediated immunity during intestinal tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Stat3 loss-of-function in wnt/β-catenin-dependent autochthonous models of intestinal tumorigenesis.
  • Analyzed the impact of mitophagy and lysosomal integrity on MHC class I presentation in IECs.
  • Investigated the cross-dressing mechanism involving dendritic cells for CD8+ T cell activation.

Main Results:

  • Elevated mitophagy in IECs leads to iron accumulation in lysosomes, causing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP).
  • LMP releases proteases into the cytoplasm, enhancing MHC class I presentation.
  • This process promotes CD8+ T cell activation through dendritic cell cross-dressing, contributing to anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a novel link between mitochondrial function (mitophagy), lysosomal integrity, and MHC class I presentation in IECs.
  • Therapies that induce mitophagy or LMP in IECs could potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer.